Clinical utility of mean platelet volume in neoplastic diseases
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37711/rpcs.2026.8.1.5Keywords:
mean platelet volume, neoplasms, lymphoma, leukemia, multiple myelomaAbstract
The aim of this review was to evaluate the clinical utility of mean platelet volume (MPV) as an accessible and low-cost prognostic biomarker in patients with solid and hematological neoplasms. A narrative review of the scientific literature published between 2011 and 2025 was conducted. The search was performed in PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, SciELO, and Google Scholar using terms related to mean platelet volume and neoplasms. Original articles, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses published in Spanish or English that evaluated MPV as a prognostic or diagnostic marker in cancer were included. Given the heterogeneity of the studies, the results were synthesized narratively and organized according to neoplasm type. MPV showed a significant, although variable, association with oncological prognosis. In solid tumors, such as colorectal, gastric, and breast cancer, as well as pancreatic adenocarcinoma, elevated MPV was associated with greater tumor aggressiveness, metastasis, and poorer survival. In contrast, in renal and bladder carcinoma, low MPV values were associated with more aggressive tumors and poorer survival. The evidence is inconsistent in thyroid cancer, whereas in lung cancer, a low MPV/PLT ratio is associated with higher mortality. In hematological neoplasms, low MPV is generally associated with poorer survival and a higher risk of venous thromboembolism. The main limitations include the lack of standardized cutoff values and the influence of preanalytical factors. In conclusion, MPV is a promising biomarker; however, it requires validation in prospective studies and standardization before clinical implementation.
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