Hipertensión pulmonar de altura: patogenia y manejo de la enfermedad

Anibal Valentin Diaz-Lazo; Jose Guillermo Ercilla Sanchez

doi:10.37711/rpcs.2022.4.1.367

Autores/as

Anibal Valentin Diaz-Lazo Hospital Daniel Alcides Carrion, Pasco, Perú https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9282-9435
Jose Guillermo Ercilla Sanchez Instituto Nacional EsSalud Cardiovascular , Lima,Peru https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7421-9871

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.37711/rpcs.2022.4.1.367

Palabras clave:

hipoxia, hipertensión pulmonar, altitud, prevalencia

Resumen

El propósito del artículo es revisar la patogenia y manejo de la hipertensión pulmonar de altura (HPA), que es una enfermedad producto de la exposición crónica a la altitud y, en la actualidad, no está definido si es problema de salud pública o una enfermedad rara. La prevalencia de la HPA es variable según la localización geográfica, ambiental y genética. La población que vive en altura está expuesta crónicamente a una hipoxia alveolar; este hecho ocasiona vasoconstricción y después una remodelación vascular pulmonar. La HPA generalmente es asintomática; recién en estadios avanzados produce sintomatología caracterizada por disnea de esfuerzo y fatiga. El diagnóstico preciso es cateterismo cardiaco derecho con valores de presión arterial media mayores a 30 mmHg o presión arterial pulmonar sistólica mayor a 50 mmHg. El tratamiento ideal es el descenso del poblador a lugares bajos. Su pronóstico es bueno en la mayoría de los casos.

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Citas

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