Desafios
type: channel
description: Desafíos is a scientific journal published by the Universidad de Huánuco (Peru), oriented to the dissemination of scientific knowledge at the international level, with a specialized focus on the social sciences and humanities, particularly in the field of education and its various associated disciplines. The journal receives original and unpublished contributions in spanish and english, which are submitted to a rigorous peer review process under the double-blind system, guaranteeing academic quality and impartiality in the selection of papers. Desafíos is published every six months and is indexed in recognized databases such as Latindex Catalog 2.0, Dialnet, REDIB, MIAR, Google Scholar, among others.
publisher: Universidad de Huánuco
language: es
publication name: Desafios
issn: 2307-6100
copyright: a. Authors retain copyright to their published works, granting the journal the right of first publication. b. Authors retain their trademark and patent rights, as well as rights to any process or procedure described in the article. c. Authors retain the right to share, copy, distribute, perform, and publicly communicate the article published in the journal (e.g., by placing it in an institutional repository or publishing it in a book), with acknowledgment of its initial publication in the journal. d. Authors retain the right to republish their work, to use the article or any part thereof (e.g., in a compilation of their work, conference notes, a thesis, or a book), provided they acknowledge the original source of publication (authors of the work, journal, volume, issue, and date).
items: Research skills and academic information search strategies among nursing thesis students
items: Use of an artificial intelligence system to learn organic fertilization with probit analysis
items: Generative artificial intelligence in the Peruvian higher education: some pressing questions
items: “To Transform” in Karl Marx and Paulo Freire: an intertextual analysis
items: Environmental education and local knowledge in the face of climate change in intercultural bilingual schools
items: Self-regulated learning in university students: A systematic review of empirical evidence (2015–2025)
items: Digital service quality and its influence on student satisfaction at a public university in Lima
items: Social memory and structural poverty: limits of European theories in the case of the Yalpana Wasi Memory Museum
items: Technological skills in virtual teaching post-COVID-19: a literature review
items: Effectiveness of an intervention based on traditional stories for identity formation in secondary school students in Huánuco, Peru
items: Happiness: a demographic and comparative study in Huánuco, Peru
items: Academic training and quality education: keys to a sustainable future
items: Competency-based approach to education for a labor society
items: Educational services and school dropout rates: an analysis of alternative basic education Nueva Cajamarca, Peru
items: La Catrina as a Specter of Seduction in the Paintings of Elsa Quiñones
items: Aula Digital (Digital Classroom) as a technological resource for improving the reading of various types of school texts
items: From traditional education to digital technologies
items: Professional competencies in the training of higher university aeronautical technicians in Bolivia
items: The value of nature in the Andean worldview for environmental education
items: Analysis of motif 3 rock painting from sector D at Quilla Rumi, Huánuco
items: Thesis production with descriptive hypothesis in top Peruvian universities during the pandemic
items: University students' perceptions of interculturality and sustainability in their academic programs
items: Didactic experience in adult secondary education: working on the sustainable development goals in Granada, Spain
items: Telework: Solution or obstacle? Perceptions of Art Faculty teachers
items: Playful mixture and English language learning in second-year high school students
items: Socio-educational measures in adolescent offenders: Psychoeducation as astrategy for change
items: Animals in love in the Andean oral tradition. The case of a worm and a young woman
items: Gamification in the improvement of communication skills in primary school students
items: The monsters in my life: An analysis of violence in Pelea de Gallos by María Fernanda Ampuero
items: Socioeconomic inequalities and their influence on Kichwa bilingual education at the secondary school level, Ecuador

Research skills and academic information search strategies among nursing thesis students
type: item
description: Objective. To determine the relationship between research skills and academic information search strategies among nursing thesis students at Universidad de Huánuco, Peru. Methods. Quantitative, observational, correlational study. The population consisted of 313 thesis students, from which a sample of 173 students was selected through stratified probabilistic sampling. The Research Skills Scale and a questionnaire on academic information search strategies were applied, both of which had been previously validated and tested for reliability. For inferential analysis, Spearman’s correlation was used with a significance level of p < 0.05. Results. Regarding research skills, more than half of the participants were at a developed level, with the instrumental dimension standing out (72.3%), while overall, 52% were classified as developed. Concerning information search strategies, there was a predominance of efficient use of databases (60.1%) and truncation tools (54.3%), although limitations were observed in the use of Boolean operators. At the inferential level, a positive and significant correlation was identified between research skills and search strategies (rho = 0.634; p < 0.001), with the problematization dimension showing the highest correlation (rho = 0.728; p < 0.001). Conclusions. It was determined that research skills are significantly and positively related to academic information search strategies.
subject: Original article
  topic: section
subject: university students
  topic: keywords
subject: research skills
  topic: keywords
subject: information search
  topic: keywords
subject: academic competencies
  topic: keywords
subject: research
  topic: keywords
creator: Yaneth Rosmery Correa-Sánchez
creator: Mely Ruiz-Aquino
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Yaneth Rosmery Correa-Sánchez, Mely Ruiz-Aquino https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-07-04
publication date: 2025-07-04
doi: 10.37711/desafios.2025.16.2.5

Use of an artificial intelligence system to learn organic fertilization with probit analysis
type: item
description: Objective: To evaluate the impact of an artificial intelligence (AI) system specialized in organic fertilization recommendations—based on local soil and crop data—on the learning outcomes of Agronomy students. Methods: A quasi-experimental design was applied to a sample of 200 higher education students majoring in Agronomy. A validated questionnaire was administered, and a probit econometric model was used to estimate the probability of academic success. Results: Findings indicate that the use of AI significantly increased the likelihood of effective learning (B = 0.896, p = 0.0023). Previous agricultural experience showed a marginally significant effect, while variables such as age, gender, and academic semester were not statistically significant. Conclusions: Contextualized AI is an effective pedagogical tool to enhance the understanding of organic fertilization among Agronomy students, fostering a more sustainable, resilient, and equitable agricultural education.
subject: Original article
  topic: section
creator: Marco Vizuete Montero
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Marco Vizuete Montero https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-07-08
publication date: 2025-07-08
doi: 10.37711/desafios.2025.16.2.7

Generative artificial intelligence in the Peruvian higher education: some pressing questions
type: item
description: After almost three years of the emergence of ChatGPT and the subsequent development of similar generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) tools, we have a clearer understanding of this technology's capabilities. Although the literature in this matter assigns a range of benefits to these tools (Dong et al., 2025), it is an urgent matter to question how the introduction of these tools into the higher education (HE) system of a country like Peru may exacerbate existing disparities or create new challenges. Thus, this editorial argues that without a field-specific, organic policy framework focused on equity, GenAI’s implementation into Peruvian HE risks worsening the challenges it has the potential to overcome.
subject: Editorial
  topic: section
creator: Luis Torres-Vásquez
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Luis Torres-Vásquez https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-07-19
publication date: 2025-07-19
doi: 10.37711/desafios.2025.16.2.2

“To Transform” in Karl Marx and Paulo Freire: an intertextual analysis
type: item
description: This article aims to distinguish the meaning of the verb “to transform” in the works of Karl Marx and Paulo Freire through an intertextual analysis method, in order to determine its scope and evolution. The intertextual analysis was applied to Marx’s Eleventh Thesis on Feuerbach and a fragment of Freire’s Education, the Practice of Freedom to establish possible discursive connections. A four-column matrix was used to examine the relationship between the Marxist hypotext and the Freirean hypertext. The results indicate that Freire did not resort to textual citation or plagiarism, but rather to the allusion of the terms “world” and “to transform,” and to a possible re-signification of the verb “to interpret” through the noun “reflection.” Freire employed the Marxist category of praxis to designate true education. Freirean praxis articulates reflection and action within a horizon of transformation, overcoming Marx’s dichotomy between interpreting and transforming. In this way, true education emerges as an emancipatory political practice. It is concluded that Freire used praxis to characterize true education, thereby assigning it a political function.
subject: Original article
  topic: section
subject: transformation
  topic: keywords
subject: praxis
  topic: keywords
subject: intertextuality
  topic: keywords
subject: Marxism
  topic: keywords
subject: liberating education
  topic: keywords
creator: Edison Francisco Higuera Aguirre
creator: Sandra Verónica Ordóñez Guamán
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Edison Francisco Higuera Aguirre https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-07-07
publication date: 2025-07-07
doi: 10.37711/desafios.2025.16.2.6

Environmental education and local knowledge in the face of climate change in intercultural bilingual schools
type: item
description: This article is the result of two research projects focused on analyzing the narratives and practices that emerge in the teaching-learning processes about climate change in rural and intercultural bilingual educational institutions in southern Ecuador, within the context of the socio-environmental challenges faced by these territories. The research involved teachers, students, and local actors from the provinces of Azuay and Cañar, using a qualitative methodology based on semi-structured interviews and the creation of "talking maps," through a non-probabilistic convenience sampling. The results showed that climate change is rarely addressed as a central axis in pedagogical practice and is perceived as a highly technical phenomenon disconnected from local environmental dynamics and from national and international policies. However, local actors emphasize the need to incorporate community knowledge into environmental education, highlighting that the degradation of nature not only represents an ecological crisis but also a symbolic and cultural rupture that weakens the identity of their peoples. This reveals the urgency of promoting contextualized, critical, and transdisciplinary educational approaches.
subject: Original article
  topic: section
subject: Climate crisis
  topic: keywords
subject: interculturality
  topic: keywords
subject: rural educational institutions
  topic: keywords
subject: community knowledge
  topic: keywords
creator: Estefania Palacios Tamayo
creator: Miguel Novillo Verdugo
creator: Catalina Carrasco Aguilar
creator: Macarena Montes Sánchez
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Estefania Palacios Tamayo, Miguel Novillo Verdugo, Catalina Carrasco Aguilar, Macarena Montes Sánchez https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-07-15
publication date: 2025-07-15
doi: 10.37711/desafios.2025.16.2.1

Self-regulated learning in university students: A systematic review of empirical evidence (2015–2025)
type: item
description: This study aimed to systematically review empirical research (2015-2025) on self-regulated learning among university students. A systematic review methodology was applied following PRISMA guidelines, using a documentary and descriptive design. Thirty-four peer-reviewed studies published in scientifc journals indexed in Scopus, Web of Science, SciELO, Redalyc, ERIC, and Google Scholar were analyzed. The findings indicate moderate levels of self-regulation, with differences associated with gender, stress, and academic performance. The most effective interventions were workshops, tutoring, mentoring, and technology-based strategies. A positive relationship with self-efficacy and resilience was also identified. In conclusion, self-regulation stands out as a key factor for academic success and should be promoted through curriculum design, teacher training, and the use of technological resources.
subject: Review article
  topic: section
subject: self-regulated learning
  topic: keywords
subject: higher education
  topic: keywords
subject: academic self-efcacy
  topic: keywords
subject: learning strategies
  topic: keywords
subject: systematic review
  topic: keywords
creator: Edson Fernando Zenteno Alberto
creator: Andrea Velasquez Mendoza
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Edson Fernando Zenteno Alberto, Andrea Velasquez Mendoza https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-07-17
publication date: 2025-07-17
doi: 10.37711/

Digital service quality and its influence on student satisfaction at a public university in Lima
type: item
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subject: Original article
  topic: section
subject: service quality
  topic: keywords
subject: students
  topic: keywords
subject: digital platform
  topic: keywords
subject: satisfaction
  topic: keywords
subject: national university
  topic: keywords
creator: Roberto Franco Ulco
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Roberto Franco Ulco https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-07-08
publication date: 2025-07-08
doi: 10.37711/desafios.2025.16.2.3

Social memory and structural poverty: limits of European theories in the case of the Yalpana Wasi Memory Museum
type: item
description: This article examines the limits of European memory theories in contexts of structural poverty based on the case of the Yalpana Wasi - Memory Museum in Junín, Peru. It analyzes how categories developed in societies with consolidated states fail to account for realities shaped by inequality, racism, and institutional exclusion. The museum’s experience reveals tensions between official, institutional memory on the one hand, and community and subaltern memories on the other, expressed in oral, ritual, and artistic practices as well as protective silences. The study concludes that social memory in Andean contexts is embodied, affective, and territorialized, and argues for a Latin American theory that recognizes these practices as legitimate foundations for reparation, dignity, and symbolic justice.
subject: Rehearsal
  topic: section
subject: social memory
  topic: keywords
subject: sites of memory
  topic: keywords
subject: structural poverty
  topic: keywords
subject: Andean context
  topic: keywords
subject: cultural memory
  topic: keywords
subject: communicative memory
  topic: keywords
subject: Yalpana Wasi
  topic: keywords
subject: political violence in Peru
  topic: keywords
creator: Damiler Raúl Díaz Terán
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Damiler Raúl Díaz Terán https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-07-04
publication date: 2025-07-04
doi: 10.37711/desafios.2025.16.2.10

Technological skills in virtual teaching post-COVID-19: a literature review
type: item
description: This literature review aims to reveal the digital competencies held by teachers during the implementation of virtual education in the post-COVID-19 period (2019–2021). A systematic review methodology was employed to identify scientific contributions regarding teachers' training in online education. The review included only sources in Spanish from the databases Google Scholar, Scopus, and SciELO. The language of the review was technical and academic, appropriate for the field of educational technology, allowing for a thorough and rigorous analysis of technological skills in post-pandemic virtual teaching. Among the main findings, the progressive strengthening of ICT use in teaching and learning processes stands out, with its integration serving various purposes. The key conclusion of this article indicates that teachers are not fully prepared for online education
subject: Review article
  topic: section
subject: distance education
  topic: keywords
subject: teacher effectiveness
  topic: keywords
subject: education eficiency
  topic: keywords
subject: teacher
  topic: keywords
subject: virtual teaching
  topic: keywords
subject: technological skill
  topic: keywords
creator: Deybis Ramón Batista Pérez
creator: Santiago Gallur Santorum
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Deybis Ramón Batista Pérez, Santiago Gallur Santorum https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-01-24
publication date: 2025-01-24
starting page: 58
ending page: 67
doi: 10.37711/desafios.2025.15.1.440

Effectiveness of an intervention based on traditional stories for identity formation in secondary school students in Huánuco, Peru
type: item
description: Objective. To determine the influence of traditional stories from Huánuco on the formation of regional identity among secondary school students in Huánuco, Peru. Methods. A quantitative, applied study with a quasi-experimental design was conducted. The population consisted of 81 secondary school students, and the sample included 56 participants divided into two groups: an experimental group (n = 28) and a control group (n = 28). Ten sessions were conducted with the experimental group. Both groups completed pretest and posttest assessments using a questionnaire developed according to the dimensions and indicators of the dependent variable. Students t-test for paired samples was used for hypothesis testing. Results. In the “cultural identity” dimension, the pretest showed that 100% of students in the experimental group exhibited low identity, while in the control group, 96.4% exhibited low identity and 3.6% had no identity. In the “historical identity” dimension, 96.4% of the experimental group showed no identity and 3.6% showed low identity; in the control group, 100% exhibited no identity. For the “civic-patriotic identity” dimension, 100% of students in the experimental group and 96.4% in the control group exhibited low identity. The Students t-test showed a p-value = 0.001 < 0.05, indicating a statistically significant effect. Conclusions. Traditional stories from Huánuco positively influence the formation of regional identity in secondary school students.
subject: Original article
  topic: section
subject: relatos tradicionales
  topic: keywords
subject: identidad cultural
  topic: keywords
subject: identidad histórica
  topic: keywords
subject: identidad cívico patriótica
  topic: keywords
creator: Elías Pedro Huallpa Jiménez
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Elías Pedro Huallpa Jiménez https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-01-08
publication date: 2025-01-08
starting page: 44
ending page: 50
doi: 10.37711/desafios.2024.15.2.435

Happiness: a demographic and comparative study in Huánuco, Peru
type: item
description: Objective. To determine the levels of happiness in Huánuco (Peru), and to perform a multivariable analysis by dimensions across all districts. Methods. The target population consisted of 179,096 individuals of both sexes, aged between 18 and 60 years. From this population, a stratifed probabilistic sampling method with a 97 % confidence level resulted in a sample of 1,035 participants. Data collection was conducted using the Lima Happiness Scale developed by Alarcón. Results. The samples were found to be heterogeneous across the 13 districts of Huánuco, with a p-value of 0.000. Conclusions. The population of Huánuco predominantly exhibits a low level of happiness, accounting for 40 %, followed by a medium level of happiness at 33 %, and only 1 % reporting a high level of happiness.
subject: Original article
  topic: section
subject: happiness
  topic: keywords
subject: Huánuco
  topic: keywords
subject: positive psychology
  topic: keywords
subject: psychological well-being
  topic: keywords
subject: health promotion
  topic: keywords
creator: Larry Franklin Acencio-Malpartida
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Larry Franklin Acencio-Malpartida https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-01-10
publication date: 2025-01-10
starting page: 36
ending page: 43
doi: 10.37711/desafios.2025.15.1.438

Academic training and quality education: keys to a sustainable future
type: item
description: Education, as we know, is a human right that transforms lives and allows us to escape poverty, overcome inequalities, and guarantee sustainable development (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization [UNESCO], 2025). It also promotes inclusive and equitable education so that people have access to quality information. From this perspective, education should focus on improving educational quality. The International Organization for Inclusion and Quality in Education (IOICE, 2016) states that academic excellence should be a priority in Ibero-America and education should be strengthened globally. In this sense, we can ask ourselves: how can quality education transform societies and guarantee sustainable development? The purpose of this Editorial is to analyze the above question in order to provide an adequate answer.
subject: Editorial
  topic: section
creator: Willy Alex Castañeda Sánchez
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Willy Alex Castañeda Sánchez https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-01-30
publication date: 2025-01-30
starting page: 7
ending page: 9
doi: 10.37711/desafios.2025.15.1.441

Competency-based approach to education for a labor society
type: item
description: This article aimed to understand the development of the competency-based approach for life in society within an educational institution. The methodology used was qualitative, basic research type; given the adopted approach, a phenomenological design and inductive method were employed. The sample consisted of six teachers, and data collection techniques included interviews and documentary analysis. The results showed that the competency-based approach allows students to develop practical skills and competencies for the workforce, in addition to theoretical knowledge. The need to train teachers according to current challenges was emphasized. The study concludes that values and attitudes are essential for preparing students in times of change, which requires new knowledge, practical skills, and a strong moral character. In this regard, teachers must not only master what and how to teach but also have a deep understanding of their role as active agents in the construction and transformation of knowledge, adapting to a society in constant change and transformation.
subject: Original article
  topic: section
subject: communicative competence
  topic: keywords
subject: communication
  topic: keywords
subject: social adaptation
  topic: keywords
subject: teaching and training
  topic: keywords
subject: collaborative learning
  topic: keywords
creator: Miriam Elizabeth Jara Guerrero
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Miriam Elizabeth Jara Guerrero https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-01-18
publication date: 2025-01-18
starting page: 19
ending page: 28
doi: 10.37711/desafios.2025.15.1.436

Educational services and school dropout rates: an analysis of alternative basic education Nueva Cajamarca, Peru
type: item
description: Objective: To determine the relationship between educational service and school dropout at the “Manuel Fidencio Hidalgo Flores” Alternative Basic Education Center (CEBA, by its Spanish acronym), in the district of Nueva Cajamarca, Peru, in 2024. Methods: A quantitative study based on basic research, with a correlational and cross-sectional design. The population consisted of 300 students from the institution, and the sample included 166 students selected through simple probabilistic sampling, spanning the initial, intermediate, and advanced levels. A Likert-scale questionnaire was used for data collection, and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient was employed for inferential analysis. Results: The levels of the “educational service” variable were: low (2.41%), good (33.73%), and high (63.86%), while the levels of the “school dropout” variable were: low (6.63%), medium (87.95%), and high (5.42%). These results indicate general acceptance of educational services, although improvements in teaching quality are needed. The relationship between “educational service” and “school dropout” was negative, very weak, and statistically significant (rho = -0.192, p = 0.013 < 0.05). Conclusions: There is a significant relationship between educational service and school dropout at the “Manuel Fidencio Hidalgo Flores” CEBA. Moreover, the “pedagogy” dimension was identified as one of the contributing factors to school dropout.
subject: Original article
  topic: section
subject: educational service
  topic: keywords
subject: school dropout
  topic: keywords
subject: reliability
  topic: keywords
subject: empathy
  topic: keywords
subject: family condition
  topic: keywords
subject: pedagogy
  topic: keywords
subject: economic condition
  topic: keywords
creator: Milder Minga Sarmiento
creator: Luz Marina Diaz Hurtado
creator: Hugo Jaime Mera Naval
creator: José Humberto Meléndez Díaz
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Milder Minga Sarmiento, Luz Marina Diaz Hurtado, Hugo Jaime Mera Naval, José Humberto Meléndez Díaz https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-01-15
publication date: 2025-01-15
starting page: 51
ending page: 57
doi: 10.37711/desafios.2025.15.1.439

La Catrina as a Specter of Seduction in the Paintings of Elsa Quiñones
type: item
description: Written from the perspective of the philosophy of art, this essay seeks to confrm the thesis that the work of Mexican visual artist Elsa Quiñones—particularly her representations of the mythical figure La Catrina—can be interpreted through Jean Baudrillard’s concept of seduction. Through the selection of two of her skulls, adorned with vibrant colors, petals, birds, braids, and abundant ribbons, it becomes evident that ritual and death—fundamental dimensions of this seduction—are key elements in Quiñones’s aesthetic. Her Catrinas seduce us through death, mitigating the randomness of an accidental encounter with those who behold them; and through ritual, they reemerge into life through the artist’s hand, as the eternal return of a sacred and primordial ceremonial form.
subject: Rehearsal
  topic: section
subject: contemporary art
  topic: keywords
subject: culture
  topic: keywords
subject: Mexico
  topic: keywords
subject: death
  topic: keywords
subject: painting
  topic: keywords
creator: Leopoldo Tillería Aqueveque
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Leopoldo Tillería Aqueveque https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-01-04
publication date: 2025-01-04
starting page: 68
ending page: 73
doi: 10.37711/desafios.2024.15.2.433

Aula Digital (Digital Classroom) as a technological resource for improving the reading of various types of school texts
type: item
description: Objective: To verify the effectiveness of the technological resource Aula Digital (Digital lassroom) in the development of the competency “reading various types of texts” in boys and girls of the 4th cycle at Institución Educativa N.º 32140 Antonio Brack Egg in Ambo (Peru), 2022. Methods: This study followed a quantitative approach and employed a quasiexperimental design. The population consisted of 54 students from the educational institution. A checklist was used to evaluate the pretest and posttest, and Student’s t-test was applied for statistical analysis. Results: Findings indicated that in both the experimental and control groups, 19.9% responded “yes” and 80.1% responded “no,” with a difference of 60.2% between the groups. The p-value was 0.000, which is below the statistical significance threshold of 0.05. Additionally, the posttest mean score of the experimental group (16.80) was higher than that of the control group (11.60). Conclusion: The effectiveness of the technological resource Aula Digital (Digital Classroom) in developing the competency “reading various types of texts” in boys and girls was confirmed. Therefore, this study confirms that implementing this technological resource significantly improves this competency in children.
subject: Original article
  topic: section
subject: digital classroom
  topic: keywords
subject: text processing
  topic: keywords
subject: reading comprehension
  topic: keywords
subject: textual interpretation
  topic: keywords
subject: student organization
  topic: keywords
subject: student association
  topic: keywords
creator: Elizabeth Kely Espinoza Orizano
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Elizabeth Kely Espinoza Orizano https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-07-26
publication date: 2024-07-26
starting page: 164
ending page: 170
doi: 10.37711/desafios.2024.15.2.428

From traditional education to digital technologies
type: item
description: Trying to respond to the unknown How to unpack the brain? We start from a traditional educational truth. In the period of the Enlightenment (18th century), Jean-Jacques Rousseau, considered as the discoverer of the child, in his work Emilio, or of education ([1762] 2016), political and philosophical treaty, asks that, together with the development of intelligence, understanding and reason, also attends to feelings, emotions, impulses, that is, to say, to the same life and life In all its integrity. It also maintains that man is good by nature, while living in an inevitably corrupt society in which it is required to be taught to be above all man. In his own words: "The trade that I want to teach him is the trade of living. I recognize that when I leave my hands he will be neither a magistrate nor a priest: he will be first man" (p. 36). However, the historical changes that occurred in society at that time allowed for a social environment more compatible with educational organizations.
subject: Editorial
  topic: section
subject: -
  topic: keywords
creator: Uladislao Zevallos Acosta
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Uladislao Zevallos Acosta https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-07-16
publication date: 2024-07-16
starting page: 125
ending page: 127
doi: 10.37711/desafios.2024.15.2.431

Professional competencies in the training of higher university aeronautical technicians in Bolivia
type: item
description: Competency-based education in higher education, especially in the field of aeronautics, has become crucial for preparing students for a rapidly changing labor market. This approach aims to develop practical skills and applied knowledge essential for addressing sector challenges. The ICAO’s Tranair Plus (TPP) program standardizes this training in civil aviation, ensuring quality education. This study employs a qualitative approach through a bibliographic review, analyzing academic sources on key competencies such as technical skills, leadership, teamwork, and effective communication. Teaching methodologies such as problem-based learning and project-based learning, which are effective in developing these competencies, are examined, along with evaluation methods like self-assessment and peer assessment. Preliminary results indicate that this model improves the employability of graduates, who acquire skills highly valued in the aeronautical sector, although it faces challenges such as the constant need for updating competencies and a lack of resources. Despite these obstacles, the competency-based approach has shown improvements in professional performance and student motivation. Full implementation of this approach is expected by the end of 2025, and further research is recommended to ensure its long-term effectiveness, strengthening the integration of theoretical knowledge and practical skills in aeronautical education.
subject: Review article
  topic: section
subject: competency-based education
  topic: keywords
subject: aeronautics
  topic: keywords
subject: higher education
  topic: keywords
subject: Trainair Plus
  topic: keywords
subject: teaching methodologies
  topic: keywords
creator: Oscar Mamani Mamani
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Oscar Mamani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-08-24
publication date: 2024-08-24
starting page: 171
ending page: 176
doi: 10.37711/desafios.2024.15.2.429

The value of nature in the Andean worldview for environmental education
type: item
description: The knowledge crisis associated with the anthropocentric and destructive Western worldview has led to an environmental crisis. In response, the Andean worldview is being reevaluated for its way of understanding the world, which regards Nature as a living and sacred entity. This perspective fosters a close, sensitive, and respectful relationship between humans and "Mother Earth." This vision is reflected in the daily practices of Andean communities, where invaluable learning spaces spontaneously emerge; these should transcend their origins and be incorporated into schools and community settings. Thus, the values of the Andean worldview can have a profound impact on contemporary environmental education. This essay highlights the concept of nature in the Andean world and how this approach contributes to environmental education in our current context.
subject: Rehearsal
  topic: section
subject: Andean worldview
  topic: keywords
subject: environmental education
  topic: keywords
subject: nature
  topic: keywords
subject: creation
  topic: keywords
subject: environment
  topic: keywords
subject: pacha
  topic: keywords
creator: Aguilar López Lucero Geraldine
creator: Oscar Gutiérrez-Huamaní
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Aguilar López Lucero Geraldine , Oscar Gutiérrez-Huamaní https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-08-11
publication date: 2024-08-11
starting page: 177
ending page: 183
doi: 10.37711/desafios.2024.15.2.430

Analysis of motif 3 rock painting from sector D at Quilla Rumi, Huánuco
type: item
description: The objective of this research was to reinterpret Motif 3 in Sector D of the Quilla Rumi rock paintings (Huánuco), previously identifed as bird-shaped. Images of the pictograph were compared with detailed photographs of the brown wasp Polistes sp., taken from frontal, lateral, and dorsal angles, as well as images of the paper nest built by these insects. The analysis revealed that the fgure represented a paper wasp (Polistes sp.) depositing an egg into a cell of its nest, with features such as a curved mandible, bent antenna, prominent eyes, and two pairs of slender wings. The paper nest displayed shapes including circles, squares, and rhombuses, though not complete hexagons. A dot outside the circle symbolized the egg, associated with the beginning of the insect’s biological cycle. The study concludes that the fgure is not bird-shaped but insect-shaped, and specifcally represents a Polistes wasp. This fnding challenges previous interpretations and contributes to a deeper understanding of Andean rock art.
subject: Original article
  topic: section
subject: wasp
  topic: keywords
subject: cell
  topic: keywords
subject: egg
  topic: keywords
subject: bird-shaped
  topic: keywords
subject: rock painting
  topic: keywords
subject: documentation
  topic: keywords
creator: Jose Alomia Lucero
creator: Liana Sixto-Dávila
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Jose Alomia-Lucero, Liana Sixto-Dávila https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-01-04
publication date: 2025-01-04
starting page: 29
ending page: 35
doi: 10.37711/desafios.2025.15.1.437

Thesis production with descriptive hypothesis in top Peruvian universities during the pandemic
type: item
description: Objective: To analyze the prevalence of the use of descriptive hypotheses in theses presented at top universities in Peru during 2020. Methods: A quantitative, descriptive, and cross-sectional study was conducted. The population included theses available in the digital repositories of leading Peruvian universities. The sample was intentionally selected, considering undergraduate and graduate theses from various faculties. Data were obtained through document review and categorization of theses based on the type of hypothesis used. Descriptive statistics were employed to determine frequencies and percentages, and comparisons were made between academic levels. Results: It was found that 45 % of the analyzed theses employed descriptive hypotheses, which were more common at the undergraduate level (55 %) compared to the graduate level (35 %). Additionally, a higher recurrence of descriptive hypotheses was observed in the Social Sciences and Education faculties. Conclusions: Thesis production in top Peruvian universities during the pandemic shows a significant use of descriptive hypotheses, particularly at the undergraduate level and in certain faculties, which may be related to the nature of study programs and the methodological training provided.
subject: Original article
  topic: section
subject: antitative analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: higher education
  topic: keywords
subject: descriptive hypothesis
  topic: keywords
subject: university theses
  topic: keywords
subject: Peruvian universities
  topic: keywords
creator: Karen Cuba-Vargas
creator: Felix Pucuhuayla-Revatta
creator: Marvin Eduardo Toledo-Castro
creator: Vanessa Yaniz Palomino-Monteza
creator: Rivaldo Carlos Duran Aquino
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Karen Cuba-Vargas, Felix Pucuhuayla-Revatta, Marvin Eduardo Toledo-Castro, Vanessa Yaniz Palomino-Monteza, Rivaldo Carlos Duran-Aquino https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-07-22
publication date: 2024-07-22
starting page: 157
ending page: 163
doi: 10.37711/desafios.2024.15.2.427

University students' perceptions of interculturality and sustainability in their academic programs
type: item
description: Objective: To examine second-year Pedagogy students' perceptions of interculturality and sustainability in their academic programs at a public university in São Paulo, Brazil. Methods: A quantitative, descriptive, non-experimental, and cross-sectional approach was used. The population consisted of 300 students, from which a sample of 100 was drawn. A structured questionnaire based on a 5-point Likert scale was used to collect data on students’ perceptions regarding the integration of these topics into their education. Results: Students perceive the inclusion of interculturality in the curriculum positively, highlighting its role in fostering cultural understanding and respect. Regarding sustainability, although its presence in courses is acknowledged, perceptions of its integration were less consistent. Integrating both topics significantly enhances students' personal and academic development, as well as their understanding of global citizenship. However, areas requiring further attention were identifed, particularly in the cross-disciplinary implementation of sustainability. Conclusions: These fndings suggest that, to maximize educational impact, a more cohesive integration of these topics into the curriculum is needed.
subject: Original article
  topic: section
subject: global citizenship
  topic: keywords
subject: academic development
  topic: keywords
subject: cultural diversity
  topic: keywords
subject: higher education
  topic: keywords
subject: academic training
  topic: keywords
subject: curricular integration
  topic: keywords
subject: interculturality
  topic: keywords
subject: student perception
  topic: keywords
subject: environmental responsibility
  topic: keywords
subject: sustainability
  topic: keywords
creator: Chess Emmanuel Briceño Nuñez
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Chess Emmanuel Briceño Nuñez https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-01-07
publication date: 2025-01-07
starting page: 10
ending page: 18
doi: 10.37711/desafios.2024.15.2.432

Didactic experience in adult secondary education: working on the sustainable development goals in Granada, Spain
type: item
description: Objective. To describe a didactic experience based on the creation of a digital product focused on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), promoting knowledge and understanding of the SDGs in adult secondary education while fostering critical awareness, research skills, ICT proficiency, and commitment to sustainable global citizenship among students. Method. A mixed-methods approach was employed; the main instruments included participant observation and a project evaluation rubric with a Likert scale to assess the digital products of six students. To enhance the results, the Item-Total Consistency Index was applied using Pearson's correlation coeficient, enabling the measurement of the relationship between each rubric item and the student's total score. Results. A progress level categorized as "good" (7 out of 10 points) was observed in students understanding of the SDGs at the end of the practice. High correlations from the index contributed to a more accurate reflection of their SDG comprehension. Conclusions. The implementation of new didactic experiences focused on the SDGs, where students take an active role, contributes to better understanding of these goals, improves teaching-learning processes, and fosters the development of sustainable global citizenship.
subject: Original article
  topic: section
subject: secondary education
  topic: keywords
subject: adult education
  topic: keywords
subject: educational experiment
  topic: keywords
subject: sustainable development
  topic: keywords
subject: Granada
  topic: keywords
creator: Ulises Najarro Martín
creator: Juan Carlos Maroto Martos
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Ulises Najarro Martín, Juan Carlos Maroto Martos https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-08-01
publication date: 2024-08-01
starting page: 134
ending page: 139
doi: 10.37711/desafios.2024.15.2.424

Telework: Solution or obstacle? Perceptions of Art Faculty teachers
type: item
description: Objective. To identify the contribution of telework to the professional field of graduates from artistic and creative careers. Methods. A non-experimental design was applied. The research was basic and descriptive in nature. The population consisted of faculty members from two national universities and two higher education schools in Lima, Peru, while the sample included 80 faculty members teaching artistic careers. Data collection was conducted using two questionnaires, each containing 20 questions, from which a descriptive analysis was performed. Results. There is a positive contribution of telework, as most respondents stated that remote work enables professionals in artistic careers to develop in different areas, with better professional and salary recognition. Conclusion. Telework positively contributes to the labor field of artistic careers, overcoming initial challenges following the COVID-19 pandemic, supported by innovation and technology
subject: Original article
  topic: section
subject: telework
  topic: keywords
subject: artistic careers
  topic: keywords
subject: labor field
  topic: keywords
subject: labor regulations
  topic: keywords
subject: technology
  topic: keywords
creator: Alicia Roxana Chavez-Somoza
creator: Eduardo Paul Vílchez Salés
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Alicia Roxana Chávez-Somoza, Eduardo Paul Vílchez-Salés https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-07-25
publication date: 2024-07-25
starting page: 140
ending page: 147
doi: 10.37711/desafios.2024.15.2.425

Playful mixture and English language learning in second-year high school students
type: item
description: Objective. To determine if there is a relationship between playful mixtures and English language learning among high school students at Institución Educativa Mariano Dámaso Beraún in Leoncio Prado province, Huánuco region, 2019. Methods. This study is basic research at the descriptive correlational level with a non-experimental, cross-sectional design. The population consisted of 66 students. A sample of 30 students from the second grade "A" was selected using non-probabilistic sampling. For data collection, a questionnaire and a comprehension and writing test were used, validated through reliability testing and expert judgment. The hypothesis was tested using Spearman's rho coefcient. Results. The Spearman's rho coefcient test regarding the general hypothesis (relationship between playful mixture and English learning) was 0.722 with a p-value = 0.000. Concerning the frst specifc hypothesis (relationship between playful mixture and reading various types of texts), a correlation of 0.576 and a p-value = 0.05 was obtained; for the second specifc hypothesis (relationship between playful mixture and writing various types of texts), the result was 0.641 with a p-value = 0.05. All three results indicate a moderate positive correlation. Conclusions. There is a signifcant moderate correlation between the playful mixture variable and English learning among second-grade “A” students at I.E. Mariano Dámaso Beraún, 2019
subject: Original article
  topic: section
subject: playful mixture
  topic: keywords
subject: learning
  topic: keywords
subject: English language
  topic: keywords
subject: students
  topic: keywords
subject: education
  topic: keywords
creator: Javier Dionisio Rosas Domínguez
creator: Karen Anali Timoteo Nieto
rights: Copyright (c) 202 Javier Dionisio Rosas Domínguez, Karen Anali Timoteo Nieto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-01-04
publication date: 2024-01-04
starting page: 37
ending page: 42
doi: 10.37711/desafios.2023.15.1.409

Socio-educational measures in adolescent offenders: Psychoeducation as astrategy for change
type: item
description: Objective. Was to understand the experiences of adolescent offenders while participating in a psychoeducational intervention as part of fulfilling a socio-educational measure imposed at the penal level. Methods. This qualitative study adheres to coherence within the sociocritical paradigm, leading to the development of a participatory research-action design. Such actions focus on a process of methodological rigor; thus, it has been necessary to observe information saturation through triangulation of information sources. Participants included 10 adolescents in conflict with the penal law (ACLP, by its Spanish acronym), along with 10 parents and/or guardians, as well as professionals involved in psychoeducational intervention. Data were collected through interviews, discussion groups, and team meetings, conducted virtually using a semi-structured interview guide, recorded in audio format. Subsequently, data underwent open, axial, and selective categorization and coding. Results. A detailed understanding of the change experience through psychoeducation, as narrated in the adolescent interviews, was obtained. Conclusions. It has been evidenced that the psychoeducational experience in adolescents generates changes in their development and their environment; furthermore, the analysis of the evolution and change of an adolescent offender has been conducted.
subject: Original article
  topic: section
subject: adolescent offender
  topic: keywords
subject: psychoeducation
  topic: keywords
subject: compliance measure
  topic: keywords
subject: research-action
  topic: keywords
subject: Huánuco
  topic: keywords
creator: Larry Franklin Acencio-Malpartida
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Larry Franklin Acencio-Malpartida https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-01-04
publication date: 2024-01-04
starting page: 31
ending page: 36
doi: 10.37711/desafios.2023.15.1.408

Animals in love in the Andean oral tradition. The case of a worm and a young woman
type: item
description: Objective. To elucidate the traits of the characters (seductive animal and deceived maiden) and the symbolic meaning they represent within the imagination of the runa, based on a series of oral narratives known as "the animals in love." This exploration is grounded in the principles of relationality, specifically complementarity. Methodology. An interpretative analysis was conducted on a narrative collected in the province of Dos de Mayo, Huánuco (Peru). Results. Romantic relationships between a human and an animal fail due to their asymmetrical nature, which contradicts the concept of complementarity or yanantin (a fundamental condition for forming couples in the Andean context). Allegorically, it depicts a runa paired with a mana-runa, signifying the union of an ayllu (community) member with one who does not share or harmonize with the same ideological and ethical principles of the community. Conclusion. The narratives of animals in love reflect the concern to consolidate the social unity of the community through pairings that reject any foreign incursion.
subject: Rehearsal
  topic: section
subject: oral tradition
  topic: keywords
subject: Andean world
  topic: keywords
subject: animals
  topic: keywords
subject: seductionx
  topic: keywords
subject: deception
  topic: keywords
creator: Timna Yulisa Huamán Antonio
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Timna Yulisa Huamán Antonio https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-01-05
publication date: 2024-01-05
starting page: 50
ending page: 55
doi: 10.37711/desafios.2023.15.1.413

Gamification in the improvement of communication skills in primary school students
type: item
description: Objective. To establish the influence of gamification on the improvement of communication skills in primary school students. Methods. The quantitative approach and design were quasi-experimental. The study involved 80 students divided between the control group and the experimental group. The inferential statistic applied was the Mann-Whitney U test. Results. In the experimental group, 90% of the students in the pretest were at a defcient level, and only 10% were at a regular level. However, after the application of gamification, 78% of the students reached an excellent level, 20% a good level, and only 3% remained at the regular level. The Mann-Whitney U statistic showed a bilateral significance of 0.000. Conclusions. Gamification influences the improvement of communication skills in primary school students; this is because, through gamification, the student interacts with their peers, communicating in different ways with the intention of overcoming the challenges presented by the game.
subject: Original article
  topic: section
subject: communication
  topic: keywords
subject: student
  topic: keywords
subject: skill
  topic: keywords
subject: educational game
  topic: keywords
subject: communication skills
  topic: keywords
creator: Marlene Julissa García Vilca
creator: Joel Núñez Mejía
creator: Willy Gastello Mathews
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Marlene Julissa García Vilca, Joel Núñez Mejía, Willy Gastello Mathews https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-08-02
publication date: 2024-08-02
starting page: 128
ending page: 133
doi: 10.37711/desafios.2023.15.2.535

The monsters in my life: An analysis of violence in Pelea de Gallos by María Fernanda Ampuero
type: item
description: The objective of this essay is to analyze the mechanisms of counterpower in Pelea de Gallos (2018) by María Fernanda Ampuero, through the lens of the category of the monstrous, in order to reveal how female characters who have been subjected to physical and symbolic violence challenge, resist, and subvert the patriarchal paradigm. This study draws on the theoretical contributions of Canguilhem (1966), Gutiérrez Mouat (2004), Cohen (1996), Giorgi (2009), and Koricancic (2011), among others, regarding the evolution and conceptualization of the monstrous, and how this category becomes a device of defense against the abuse experienced by the protagonists during childhood, adolescence, and adulthood. The work of Foucault (1976) is also central, particularly his reflections on power and counter power relations, and on biopower, especially in relation to the control of bodies.
subject: Rehearsal
  topic: section
subject: women’s literature
  topic: keywords
subject: the monstrous
  topic: keywords
subject: violence
  topic: keywords
subject: gothic literature
  topic: keywords
subject: analysis
  topic: keywords
creator: Manuel Gonzalo Villavicencio Quinde
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Manuel Villavicencio, Ana María https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-01-07
publication date: 2025-01-07
starting page: 74
ending page: 82
doi: 10.37711/desafios.2024.15.2.434

Socioeconomic inequalities and their influence on Kichwa bilingual education at the secondary school level, Ecuador
type: item
description: Objective. To analyze and understand the implication of socioeconomic inequality in Kichwa bilingual education. Method. A quantitative approach with a non- experimental and descriptive design was conducted. The population and sample consisted of 108 students and 13 teachers from the Intercultural Bilingual Educational Unit "Oriente Ecuatoriano." The data collection instrument was a questionnaire with structured questions about socioeconomic inequalities and academic performance. Data analysis was conducted in stages: questionnaire delivery to teachers, detailed explanation of survey completion instructions, and was developed through statistical tests. Results. The results confirm the existence of socioeconomic dificulties with academic performance, which is supported by a moderate correlation (r = 0.5). Within the academic performance grades, an average performance of 3.5 and a strong correlation (r = 0.7) are achieved due to the constant participation of students and teachers. Meanwhile, teachers deduce that there are socioeconomic inequalities among students and that these influence different educational experiences. In relation to academic performance, a moderate correlation (r = 0.5) was determined between academic growth and socioeconomic conditions. Conclusions. There is a need to implement sensitive pedagogical approaches and programs that help achieve professional development.
subject: Original article
  topic: section
subject: socioeconomic inequalities
  topic: keywords
subject: inclusive pedagogical approaches
  topic: keywords
subject: student academic performance
  topic: keywords
subject: Kichwa language
  topic: keywords
subject: teacher professional development
  topic: keywords
creator: Marco Omar Vizuete Montero
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Marco Omar Vizuete Montero https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-01-10
publication date: 2024-01-10
starting page: 17
ending page: 22
doi: 10.37711/desafios.2023.15.1.406